How do I find a chiropractor?
What conditions do chiropractors treat?
What happens during a treatment?
What kind of education and training do chiropractors have?
What results can I expect from treatment?
How is chiropractic adjustment performed?
Is chiropractic covered by government health plans?
Is chiropractic manipulation a safe procedure?
Is chiropractic really scientific?
Is chiropractic regulated in Italy?
Do chiropractors treat children?
Is every patient's treatment the same?
Is chiropractic treatment ongoing?
Can chiropractic treatment cure colds, earaches and other ailments?
Can chiropractic treatment provide a preventative function?
What is the Difference Between Physicians and Chiropractors?
Do chiropractors refer patients to medical doctors when necessary?
Does chiropractic treatment require a referral from an MD?
Do chiropractors take a medical history?
Does chiropractic treatment require x-rays?
Does neck adjustment require stretching and rotating the neck beyond its normal range of motion?
Is neck adjustment safe?
Is neck adjustment a forceful action?
Are all neck adjustment techniques equally safe?
Why would neck adjustment have an effect on anything other than neck pain?
Why is there a popping sound when a joint is adjusted?
What is meant by Universal Intelligence (UI) and Innate Intelligence (II)?

What conditions do chiropractors treat?
Chiropractors are experts trained in the neuromusculoskeletal system . They diagnose and treat disorders of the spine and other body joints by adjusting the spinal column or through other corrective manipulation. Chiropractors provide conservative management of neuromusculoskeletal disorders including,
but not limited to, back, neck and head pain (over 80 percent of conditions treated). They also advise patients on corrective exercises, lifestyle and nutrition.

What kind of education and training do chiropractors have?
Chiropractors are educated as primary contact health care practitioners, with an emphasis on neuromusculoskeletal diagnosis and treatment. Preparation for the practice of chiropractic is concentrated on three areas: basic training in the biological and health sciences, specialized training in the chiropractic science and philosophy and extensive clinical training. Becoming a chiropractor requires a minimum of 5 years of post-secondary education including no less than 4500 hours of classroom and clinical instruction at an institution approved by the International Chiropractic Council of Education (ICCE)

What results can I expect from treatment?
That depends on your condition. The length of time you have had the problem, your age and the degree of your disability all affect the length of your treatment. Your chiropractic doctor should tell you the extent of treatment recommended, and how long you can expect it to last.
One of the main reasons people choose chiropractic is that they often get quick results. Individual cases may vary and chronic conditions obviously need more treatments, but studies done by various governments show, for example, that people with low back pain get back to work much faster with chiropractic care.
You might also consider the benefits of regular chiropractic adjustments even when you feel healthy. Sometimes you won't know you have a disorder of the neuromusculoskeletal system until it becomes acute and painful. So, just as you see your dentist to have your teeth checked, regular visits to your chiropractor can catch related health conditions early, often preventing them from developing into major problems. Remember, your spine is every bit as susceptible to wear and tear as your teeth and your eyes so you should look after it.

How is chiropractic adjustment performed?
Chiropractic adjustment or manipulation is a manual procedure that utilizes the highly refined skills developed during five intensive years of chiropractic education. The chiropractor typically uses his/her hands to manipulate the joints of the body, particularly the spine, in order to reduce pain, and restore or enhance joint functioning.
Chiropractic manipulation is a highly controlled procedure that rarely causes discomfort. The chiropractor adapts the procedure to meet the specific needs of each patient. Patients often note positive changes in their symptoms immediately following treatment.

Is chiropractic covered by government health plans?
Chiropractic services are partially covered by the provincial health plans of different Italian regions. Most worker's compensation boards and some employer and other third party insurance plans cover chiropractic services as well, even if chiropractic is not well accessible for all Italian people, yet.

Is chiropractic manipulation a safe procedure?
Chiropractic adjustment or manipulation is a drug-free, non-invasive approach to common musculoskeletal conditions such as headache, neck and back pain.
As such, it is a low risk therapy. Complications arising from adjustment are rare.

Is chiropractic really scientific?
Chiropractic is a healing discipline firmly grounded in science. Few other health care interventions have been assessed as extensively as chiropractic manipulation, both in terms of safety and effectiveness. There have been at least six formal government inquiries (Canada, U.S.A., New Zealand) into chiropractic worldwide over the last 25 years and all have concluded that contemporary chiropractic care is safe, effective, cost-effective and have recommended public funding for chiropractic services. In addition, there have been countless scientific clinical studies assessing the appropriateness, effectiveness, and/or cost-effectiveness of spinal manipulation or chiropractic manipulation, most notably for low back pain.

Is chiropractic regulated in Italy?
Unfortunately chiropractic in Italy is not yet regulated: the first law proposal deposited to the government from the Italian Chiropractic Association dates from the 1991 (Biondi). Since then various proposal (1995, Balocchi; 1996, Balocchi; 1997, Galletti; 1999, Galletti; 2001, Zacchera; 2004, Lucchese; 1998, Dondeynaz; 1994, Dujany; 2002, Tomassini.)
have been presented but until today no formal recognition has been legalized in Italy. In the European ambit only Greece, Spain and Italy do not have a specific law that regulates chiropractic.

Do chiropractors treat children?
Chiropractic treatment is based on the basic biological and physiological sciences which apply equally to children as they do to the adults. Chiropractic treatment is as beneficial to children as it is to adults, and children should be seen by chiropractors when appropriate and in a preventive way. The scientific literature is now demonstrating that low back pain is a very prevalent condition amongst school children. For example a 1992 study in the American Journal of Public Health found that the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in adolescents up to age 15 is over 36 percent, and thus concluding that LBP in adolescents is a serious public health problem. As well, children can benefit by periodic spinal examinations where the chiropractor will look for clues to possible postural weaknesses that may predispose children to later problems related to their spine and skeleton.
Chiropractic care is always adapted to the individual patient. It is a highly skilled treatment, and in the case of children, very gentle.

Is every patient's treatment the same?
The treatment a patient receives is related to the specific condition diagnosed by the chiropractor, and will vary from person to person depending on each person's unique situation. Like M.D.'s chiropractors follow generally accepted protocols and guidelines.

Is chiropractic treatment ongoing?
The hands-on nature of the chiropractic treatment is essentially what sends patients back to the chiropractor a number of times. To be treated by a chiropractor a patient needs to be in his or her office. In contrast, a course of treatment from medical doctors often involves a pre-established plan that is conducted at home (ie. taking a course of antibiotics once a day for a couple of weeks). A chiropractor may provide acute, preventative and/or maintenance care thus making a certain number of visits sometimes necessary.

Can chiropractic treatment cure colds, earaches and other ailments?
Chiropractic care cannot "cure" these conditions, but there is some evidence to indicate that adjustment may have a beneficial effect on a variety of conditions. Adjustment may alleviate some of the secondary, or referred pain, arising from the response of the musculoskeletal structures to the primary cause. For example, research conducted in Denmark resulted in chiropractic treatment being recommended for the relief of infantile colic. Similarly, a recent U.S. study concluded that the application of manipulative techniques in children with recurring ear infections can prevent or decrease surgical intervention or antibiotic overuse.

Can chiropractic treatment provide a preventative function?
Clinical experience suggests that individuals with chronic conditions such as degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) or recurrent neck pain, back pain or headaches may experience less frequent and less severe symptoms when under regular chiropractic care. This also applies to individuals in highly stressful situations and those who experience repetitive physical and postural strain from their daily activities. Whether ongoing chiropractic treatment can prevent back pain from occurring in the first place, or prevent a previous condition from re-occurring, requires further study.

What is the Difference Between Physicians and Chiropractors?
That's like asking the difference between a physician and a dentist: they are different professions within the health care spectrum. Both chiropractors and physicians are legally entitled to use the title "doctor" (In Italy this is not yet possible for the chiropractor). As the appellation MD means "Doctor of Medicine", so DC means "Doctor of Chiropractic".
The role of chiropractic is complementary to other areas of primary health care. Chiropractic is not, for example, a replacement for medical care, but may offer a valid alternative to medication and surgery in appropriate circumstances.
Recognition by health science that many illnesses of our modern society are lifestyle based has shown us that we, as individuals, can influence our own health and well being. Many people, therefore, welcome chiropractic's emphasis on healthy lifestyle and patient responsibility, as well as its help in improving the body's functions and ability to fight off disease.

Do chiropractors refer patients to medical doctors when necessary?
Yes, like medical doctors, chiropractors refer patients to other health professionals when they feel it is appropriate. Chiropractors are well trained to recognize risk factors as well as individual disease patterns and will not hesitate to make a referral when it is in the best interest of the patient's health.

Does chiropractic treatment require a referral from an MD?
No. A patient does not have to be referred and this means that patients can consult them directly.

Do chiropractors take a medical history?
Like M.D.'s, the chiropractor will take a detailed health history during the first visit, prior to initial treatment. This will include details on lifestyle and risk factors to give the chiropractor a full picture of the patient's health in order to determine the best treatment. As well, a detailed health history is important to rule out any contraindications and fully investigate risk factors before a diagnosis and treatment recommendation can be reached.

Does chiropractic treatment require x-rays?
Guidelines have been developed by the chiropractic profession with regard to the use of X-rays as a diagnostic tool. X-rays provide vital information to help determine a diagnosis but they are not required in every case. In fact, at CMCC (Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College) from 1997 to 1998 fewer than 20 per cent of chiropractic patients received X-rays, and only 6 percent of patients under the age of 16 required an X-ray.
X-rays can play an important role in diagnosis but are only taken when a need has been determined by a careful case history and physical examination. Chiropractors receive 360 hours of education in radiology covering a full range of topics from protection to X-ray interpretation and diagnosis.

Does neck adjustment require stretching and rotating the neck beyond its normal range of motion?
No, it does not as anyone who has had their neck adjusted will attest. Neck adjustment is done within the normal range of motion and is often performed to improve flexibility and reduce pain. The normal range during treatment is less than what is required to turn your head when backing up a car.

Is neck adjustment safe?
No health treatment is completely free of potential adverse effects and, on rare occasions, neck adjustment has been associated with stroke and stroke-like symptoms. A Canadian study, published in 2001, concluded that stroke symptoms associated with neck adjustments are so rare that it is difficult to quantify. Similarly, a medical review published in 2002 looked at 73 studies of chiropractic care and found no serious complications reported in any of them. By way of comparison, neck adjustment is significantly safer than other common treatments for headache, neck and back pain.

Is neck adjustment a forceful action?
No. This has been demonstrated in studies to determine the degree of physical strain applied during adjustment.
It is skill, not strength, that is needed to conduct a safe, effective adjustment. Chiropractic education is an intensive five-year program and by the time they graduate chiropractors are among the most skilled health professional in the world.

Are all neck adjustment techniques equally safe?
Chiropractors are taught a variety of adjustment techniques and there is no evidence to suggest that any one technique is less safe than the others. Chiropractic techniques that are applied appropriately are effective and safe.

Why would neck adjustment have an effect on anything other than neck pain?
Pain or discomfort in one area of the body may be linked functionally to discomfort arising from another area. Consequently, addressing dysfunction in one part of the body may relieve symptoms in another part. If you look at a model of the spine, you can see that the spine is one continuous structure. Adjustment at various points along the structure may be needed to help reduce biomechanical stresses on other parts of the spine and to relieve discomfort when it is clinically necessary. The spine is also the protective channel that surrounds the spinal cord and tensions on the "dura mater", a membrane that covers the spinal cord, can create torsion and strain on the roots of the nerves causing pain. .

Why is there a popping sound when a joint is adjusted?
Adjustment of a joint may result in release of a gas bubble between the joints that makes a popping sound - it's exactly the same as when you "crack" your knuckles. It is not painful. It is caused by the change of pressure within the joint resulting in gas bubbles being released.

What is meant by Universal Intelligence (UI) and Innate Intelligence (II)?
The law of homeostasis is the foundation of chiropractic: the body regulates itself all life long, day and night and manage to keep all functions equilibrated, all by itself without any help from the outside; for instance, it does not need anyone to teach it how the liver, the heart or the kidneys should be regulated, in fact modern science has still much more to discover than what we understand at the moment of the intricacy of the regulation of life. So life works intelligently and have always done so... chiropractors call it innate intelligence (II), and they rely on this power to heal and maintain health. The universe too is a fantastic masterpiece and too, works cleverly... chiropractors speak of a universal intelligence (UI). II characterize the entire living world: that II is responsible for the shedding of a deciduous tree in autumn and the production of a specific fruit at summertime... nobody has ever taught a cherry tree how to produce cherries, and mind you, the cherry tree never make a mistake producing an apple or an orange unless man interferes with nature... the same for the human body and here goes the saying popular in chiropractic circles:"Nature needs no help, just no interference".